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Dallas (pronounced /ˈdæləs/) is the third-largest
(as estimated by the United States Census Bureau on 1 July
2006) city in the state of Texas and the ninth-largest
in the United States. The city covers 385 square miles
(997 km²) and is the county seat of Dallas County.[3]
As of July 1, 2006, U.S. Census estimates put central Dallas
at a population of over 1.2 million[4] The city is the
main economic center of the 12-county Dallas–Fort
Worth metropolitan area—at 6 million people, it is
the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United States.
Dallas is listed as a gamma world city by the Loughborough
University Globalization and World Cities Study Group & Network.[5]
Dallas was founded in 1841 and formally
incorporated as a city on 2 February 1856. The city's
economy is primarily based on the petroleum industry,
telecommunications, computer technology, banking, and
transportation. It is the core of the largest inland
metropolitan area in the United States and lacks any
navigable link to the sea[6]—Dallas's
prominence despite this comes from its historical importance
as a center for the oil and cotton industries, its position
along numerous railroad lines, and a strong industrial
and financial sector.[7]
History
Before Texas was claimed in the 16th
century as a part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain by
the Spanish Empire, the Dallas area was inhabited by
the Caddo Native Americans. Later, France also claimed
the area, but in 1819 the Adams-Onís
Treaty made the Red River the northern boundary of New
Spain, officially placing Dallas well within Spanish territory.[8]
The area remained under Spanish rule until 1821, when Mexico
declared independence from Spain and the area became part
of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. In 1836, the
Republic of Texas broke off from Mexico to become an independent
nation.[9] In 1839, four years into the Republic's existence,
Warren Angus Ferris surveyed the area around present-day
Dallas. He shot the bears, poisoned the wolves, chased
off the natives, and made the area safe for John N. Bryan
to "found" the city of Dallas in 1841. In 1846
the Republic of Texas was annexed by the United States
and Dallas County was established. It is strongly debated
that the City of Dallas, Texas is named after the U.S.
Vice President, George Mifflin Dallas.
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